How to stay strong for surgery

By Michael J. Sutherland, MD, MBA, FACS

Every year, more than 15 million Americans undergo surgery. For many, the prospect of having surgery can feel overwhelming, prompting worries and unease about recovery. But the process of having surgery doesn't have to be daunting — and simple steps and habits can make a significant difference in outcomes.

At the American College of Surgeons, the largest professional association of surgeons in the world, we have a free resource, Strong for Surgery (www.facs.org/for-patients/preparing-for-surgery/strong-for-surgery/), that provides patients with practical tips to navigate their surgical journey. While there is no "one-size-fits-all" approach to preparing for and recovering from surgery, practicing healthy daily habits and having candid conversations with your care team about your goals can greatly improve your results.

Eat to Heal

Good nutrition will help at every step along your surgical journey. Eating well begins by planning a nutritious meal that includes a balance of protein-rich foods, whole grains, healthy fats, fruits and vegetables — all of which play a role in nourishing the body with enough calories, protein, vitamins and minerals. We recommend eating at least three times a day, and increasing fiber intake, if tolerated. Aim to include protein-rich foods with each meal, such as lean meat, fish, poultry, beans, eggs, cheese, nuts, tofu, milk, cottage cheese and yogurt. If you cannot meet your requirements with meals, consider supplementing your diet with healthy snacks, additional proteins or vitamins. Make sure to stay hydrated, and drink sufficient water each day.

Before surgery, many patients are required to temporarily stop eating and drinking. Your care team will advise on when it is safe to resume eating and drinking. Be sure to follow their recommendations both before and after surgery and ask any questions.

Engage in Healthy Habits

Generally, the more fit and active you are before surgery, the better you will function after surgery. Your care team can work with you before your surgery to improve your fitness, which can facilitate your recovery and help you maintain your strength. Often called "prehabilitation," your doctor may recommend exercises or refer you to specialized physical therapists who can design a therapy and exercise plan to target any physical limitations that you may be experiencing.

Other risk factors, such as smoking, obesity and high blood pressure, are also important to manage before and after surgery. Smoking can increase the risk of complications after surgery, making it harder for you to recover from anesthesia and increasing the risk of infection. If you currently smoke, ask your surgeon about ways you can quit smoking. There are many effective options to help people quit smoking, including medications and tailored programs that offer empathetic and personalized support.

Be Empowered to Ask Questions

There are many considerations when making plans to have surgery.

Our Strong for Surgery guide and Geriatric Surgery Patient checklist (www.facs.org/gsvpatient) include printable handouts that you can download and print for free to help you prepare your questions before an appointment, prepare your list of medicines and supplements, and keep track of your notes during appointments.

Together, these small steps can make a big difference in surgical outcomes — and optimize your chances to stay healthy and strong before and after surgery.

Text adapted from the Strong for Surgery guide of the American College of Surgeons (www.facs.org/for-patients/preparing-for-surgery/strong-for-surgery/).

Michael J. Sutherland, MD, MBA, FACS, is a trauma and general surgeon and the Senior Vice President for Member Services at the American College of Surgeons.